Wednesday, 14 October 2015

Central Banks’ new directive and its impact on hydropower financing.



Nepal Rastra Bank NRB (Central Bank of Nepal) has increased the capital requirement by four times for the commercial banks (NPR 8 billion from NPR 2 billion). The decision to increase the paid up capital within two years is not only applicable for commercial banks but also for development banks and finance institutions.


This has forced banks and financial institutions towards merger & acquisition, issuance of bonus and right shares. 

Although banks and financial institutions have shown dissatisfaction over the new directive, this is a positive news for hydropower developers.

How hydropower will benefit from the changing scenario?

1) The NRB has set a regulatory cap of 25% of the total core capital as a single borrower limit. But in case of hydropower, there is a special provision. It states “banks may advance to the projects relating to hydropower project, the fund-based loan and non fund-based facilities not exceeding an amount of 50 percent of its core capital”.

The increase in paid up capital will certainly increase the core capital fund of the banks. Thus, it strengthens banks financial position to invest more in hydropower.

2) Banks will be in better position to finance comparatively larger hydropower projects than they used to do before. (Do not expect to finance large projects by the way).

There might not be a need for forming a consortium for projects below 10 MW. Even for projects up to 25 MW, 2 to 3 banks will have the adequate capacity. 

If anyone involved in the financial closure know the pain of having a number of consortium member banks. Having worked for both sides (on behalf of banks and the developers), I can tell you it is not an easy task for developers and the lead bank to find member banks. I remember doing a financial closure of a 24 MW project by involving 10 banks. Each bank had to get approval from their respective boards (hydropower loan generally cross the bank CEO's limit). It was actually frustrating and time consuming.

Still more room to improve.

1) Banks and financial institutions lack matching funds. Nepali banks generally collect short term deposits (normally 1 to 2 years) while hydropower loan is long term in nature (usually 12 to 15 years). As such, banks charge floating interest rate that put developers in a huge risk.

The best way to mitigate this risk is to enhance the capacity of banks and financial institutions to collect longer term deposits.

2) The amount of risk involved during construction and operation of the projects is totally different. This should be reflected in the interest rate too.

3) A provision of reviewing interest rate exists in all loan syndication agreements. However, banks are always in a rush to increase the interest rate during liquidity crisis while they seem to be less bothered to do the opposite in surplus situation.

4) Banks are charging as high as 3 percent for swapping loan. There should not be any charges at all. Developers should have the freedom to switch banks if they feel necessary.

5) NRB should relax the provision for non performing loans. Currently, 100% provisioning is required for non performing loan. This is one of the reasons why banks are not interested in non-recourse financing.

6) Lack of in-house hydropower experts in banks and financial institutions results in delayed decision making as they have to rely on external consultants fully. This is where NRB can intervene and instruct banks and financial institutions to hire in house hydropower consultants.

7) The current minimum lending requirement in agriculture and hydropower sector is 12 percent (both combined) of the total loan portfolio. This minimum requirement has to be further increased if we are to generate hydro electricity rapidly. Also, this minimum requirement should be the actual investment not the commitment. Because the current regulation allows banks to count the commitment amount, there are many incidents where banks have not shown interest in actual disbursement.

8) NRB directives regarding time period for making decision under Provisions Relating to Consortium Financing states that “Upon receipt of application for loan, and after the constitution of the consortium group and selection of the lead institution, the lead institution and participating members shall give their decision within 90 days as whether or not to approve the loan and facilities.” Does this apply in the real world? I don’t think so.

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